Nasir U. Ahmed  “LXI, PXI, VXI, VME, cPCI….what does it all mean?” A white paper to NAVY TMDE group, October 2004.

Abstract: ATS is an important issue for defense industries.   Dr. Paul G. Kaminski in his keynote speech at the ACTD Manager’s Conference in 1996 said that “Progress occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better.”  To illustrate his point, he identifies a fundamental barrier which he calls the “liability of leadership.”  As technology evolves, new standards are developed.  Needless to say, some of these standards become obsolete as new technologies emerge.   Often some manufacturers form a group to develop an open standard that benefits the particular industry at-large. This is certainly what happened in the case of the VME and PCI standards.  This paper looks at the history of computing bus and its implications on Automatic Test System (ATS).  It stresses the pros and cons of certain industry association with a technical and historical perspective. 

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